Nano-ablative immunotherapy for cancer treatment

Abstract Immunotherapy has provided a new avenue to treat metastatic cancers, which result in ?90% of cancer related deaths. However, current immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), have met with limited success, primarily due tumor intrinsic and extrinsic factors that inhibit antitumor responses. To overcome the suppression microenvironment (TME) enhance tumoricidal activity ICT, phototherapy, particularly photothermal (PTT), combined nanomedicine become viable option. PTT disrupts target homeostasis, releasing associated antigens (TAAs), specific (TSAs), danger molecular patterns (DAMPs), scarce nutrients required “feed” activated cells. While nanoparticles localize specify phototherapeutic effect, they can also be loaded stimulants, TME modulators, and/or chemotherapeutic agents greatly stimulation killing. Combining these three technologies, we term nano-ablative immunotherapy (NAIT), ICT their therapeutic effects. In this review, will discuss successes limitations NAIT + ICT. Specifically, how limits what should considered limitations.